French President Emmanuel Macron has said that Spain’s reliance on renewable energy was central to 2025’s unprecedented Iberian blackout.
Macron said in a Feb. 10 interview with Spanish newspaper El País that the issue in Spain is “a false debate.”
On April 28, 2025, widespread blackouts plunged large swaths of Spain and Portugal, and even parts of France, into darkness, leaving millions without electricity.
“Its problem is that it has a 100 percent renewable energy model that its own domestic grid cannot support,” the French president said.
“The blackout in Spain has nothing to do with interconnections, but with the fact that no system, at least with current technology, can sustain such dependence on renewable energy. Stability in the energy mix is needed because otherwise, shocks that are too large occur. But it’s not just about interconnections. Grids are needed.”
At a briefing on April 29, 2025, Eduardo Prieto, system-operations chief of Red Eléctrica de España (REE), acknowledged a “major loss of generation” in southwestern Spain, possibly caused by solar, but cautioned that investigations were ongoing.
However, a day later, REE President Beatriz Corredor Cadena, a former socialist minister, rejected any link between solar dependence and the blackout, saying that renewables today operate “as reliably as conventional generators.”
Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez also denied an excessive reliance on renewable energy.
On Jan. 12, Spain’s High Court said it closed an investigation into the blackout after several technical reports found no evidence of a cyberattack.
A blackout committee in the Spanish Senate is hearing testimony from major power companies this month, including REE, Endesa, and Iberdrola, as part of the ongoing parliamentary investigation into the blackout’s causes, Spanish newspaper La Razón reported.
Since adopting its Climate Change and Energy Transition Law in May 2021, Spain has committed to achieving climate neutrality by 2050 and a complete phase-out of nuclear energy by 2035.
The first reactor is slated to close in 2027. The vision is a grid powered almost exclusively by wind and solar.
Last year, an energy analyst told The Epoch Times that he believed the region’s heavy reliance on intermittent renewables may have enabled the grid collapse.
“The Iberian incident is a lesson in trigger events and systemic risk, both of which are exaggerated by renewables,” Andy Mayer, chief operations officer and energy analyst at free-market think tank Institute of Economic Affairs, told The Epoch Times by email at the time.
In large power plants, steel turbines that weigh hundreds of metric tons and span several meters spin at 3,000 rpm in a 50 Hz system to stabilize frequency by resisting sudden speed changes. Inertia is the stored kinetic energy of the system’s giant spinning metal turbines.
Oil- and gas-fired stations and nuclear power plants have traditionally enabled the decades-old grid to keep a consistent frequency. However, the rapid increase in renewables and their variable output can destabilize the rest of the grid.
Mayer said that renewables are more difficult to connect to the grid and more distributed, which requires more equipment and creates more points of failure.
He said that such sources lack inertia, which means that when they fail, “they fail fast and hard.”
“A sudden loss of power in turn can push the rest of the grid out of balance, triggering relays designed to stop ‘oscillation events’ from damaging equipment,” Mayer said.
“Consequently, there is higher risk of a trigger event, and a higher risk of a systemic cascade in a renewables-rich power grid. That’s what just happened in Spain and Portugal.”
The Epoch Times has contacted the Spanish government for comment.
Reuters contributed to this report.
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